HISTORIANS
Hippocrates: Father of Science; said disease is from environmental factors and imbalance of body fluids.
Senec: Fist observed pus cells; thought they came from lymph nodes; they’re a sign of infection.
Verchow: Said pus cells were from mesenchymal cells.
Addison: There’s a relationship between pus cells and infection; found pus in infected areas, looked at frog foot with salt wound.
Waller: Observed cells in wounded frog tongue that moved from vessels to the wound.
Menchmakov: Found WBCs phagocytize torn from starfish.
Ehrlich: Made a stain for WBCs, found granules, classified WBCs according to granules.
Till & McCullough: Spleen colony assay, proved existence of stem cells, called them CFU-S.
DISEASES
CML (Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia): clonal disease from stem cell with Ph’. Heterozygous G-6-PD on chrom X, isozyme forms A/B.
Neutrophil Toxicity: Toxic granulation, Dohle bodies, degranulization/vacuolization.
May Hegglin anomaly: Autosomal Dominant; Dohle bodies (remnant RER), giant platelets, breathing problems.
Drumstick Nuclei: Usually in women with extra X chromosome.
Pelger-Huet anomaly: Autosomal Dominant; two-eyes nuclei, confused with band. Benign.
CGD (Chronic Granulomatous Disease): Recurrent pyogenic infections, X-linked males <1 yr; lack oxidases, negative NBT.
Chediak Hiyashi Syndrome: Autosomal Recessive, fused 1° and 2° granules = defective lysosomes; albinism.
Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome: Problem with adhesions; don’t adhere or migrate properly.
Leukemoid Reaction: Confused with CML except LAP is elevated; and it goes away.
PRV (Polycythemia Rubra Vera): All blood cells increased, including RBCs. Tx = donate blood.
Eosinophilia: from allergies and parasites (esp. larvae). Increased response to mast cell secretions (histamine).
Basophilia: From CML, PRV, leukemias.
Monocytosis: Chronic infections like typhoid, Brucellosis (undulant fever), TB.
Lymphocytosis: sign of viral infections (remember, children normally have higher lymphocytes).
Neutropenia: Agranulocytosis from women on aminopyrine, or chloramphenicol or nutritional deficiencies.